AZTEC  PLACE-NAMES 

THEIR  MEANING  AND  MODE  OF  COMPOSITION 


7b 

84-B 

25816 


LECTED  FROM  THE  SPANISH  OF  AGUSTIN 
DE  LA  ROSA,  ANTONIO  PENAFIEL 
AND  CECILIO  A.  ROBELO 


FREDERICK  STARR 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  CHICAGO 


SECOND  EDITION;  REVI5ED 


CHICAGO 
Privately  printed  by  the  author 
1920 


PREFACE 


Before  trying  to  understand  Aztec  hieroglyphic  writing  the  student 
should  gain  some  ideas  as  to  how  Mexican  words  are  constructed  and 
what  changes  word  elements  suffer  in  being  compounded.  No  words  are 
more  interesting  or  suggestive  in  this  direction  than  geographical  names. 
This  is  particularly  true  because  the  hieroglyphic  material  most  conven- 
iently accessible  to  the  student  chances  to  be  a  list  of  place-names.  The 
method  of  study  we  borrow  from  de  la  Rosa's  little  work  Explication  de 
algunos  de  los  N ombres  de  la  Lengua  Mexicana.  His  mode  of  analysis  and 
presentation  is  direct  and  simple.  De  la  Rosa's  arrangement  has  been 
followed  in  detail.  The  name  is  first  presented  in  full;  the  meaning  is 
then  given  in  bracketed  print;  the  elements  are  then  presented,  parts 
which  are  dropped  in  the  compound  being  italicized;  the  meaning  of  each 
element  is  given  in  parenthesis;  suggestions  or  explanation  of  special 
points  are  added  in  some  cases.  The  list  of  Rules  of  Composition  is  taken 
from  Dr.  Antonio  Penafiel.  Robelo  is  generally  followed  in  questions  of 
meaning. 

The  student  is  expected  to  learn  the  rules,  to  learn  the  meanings 
of  the  place-names,  and  to  study  the  analyses  sufficiently  to  be  able  to 
explain  the  construction  of  any  name  given  in  the  list.  After  this  material 
has  been  mastered  additional  exercises  in  sight-reading  and  analysis  of  new 
place-names  should  be  undertaken. 

Frederick  Starr 

Chicago,  June  21,  1920 


RULES  OF  COMPOSITION  FOLLOWED  IN  THE  MAKING  OF  AZTEC 
PLACE-NAMES. — (After  A.  PenafieL) 


1.  Geographic  names  commonly  end  in  some  special  particle  indicative  of  place, 
as  co,  e.  g. — Anal-co. 

2.  When  a  particle  indicative  of  place  is  added  to  a  noun,  the  singular  form  of 
the  noun  only  is  used,  even  when  it  carries  a  plural  force. 

3.  When  a  particle  indicative  of  place  is  added  to  a  noun,  the  noun  is  usually 
modified — generally  dropping  its  terminal  letters  or  syllable,  e.  g. — Anahuac 
from  a//,  nahuac. 

4.  When  more  than  one  noun  are  compounded  before  the  particle  indicative  of 
place,  each  commonly  drops  its  final  letters  or  syllable,  e.  g—  Coacalco  from 
Coa//,  cal/z,  co. 

5.  For  sake  of  euphony  some  nouns  in  composition  may  remain  entire,  e.  g. — 
Tzinacanoztoc  from  tzinacan,  ozto//,  c. 

6.  Not  more  than  three  elements  or  words  besides  the  postposition  occur  in 
geographic  names. 

7.  When  two  nouns  only  are  compounded  into  a  place-name,  the  first  loses  its 
final  letters  or  last  syllable,  while  the  second  remains  entire.  The  first  is  a 
qualifier  of  the  second  and  follows  it  in  translation,  e.  g. — Tecalli  from  te//, 
calli  =  " house  (calli)  of  stone  (tetl).,y 

8.  In  place-names  compounded  of  an  adjective  and  a  noun,  the  adjective  pre- 
cedes, e.  g. — Iztacuauhtli  from  iztac,  cuauhtli  =  "the  white  (iztac)  eagle 
(cuauhtli).,, 

9.  In  place-names  compounded  of  a  noun  and  a  verb,  the  noun  precedes,  e.  g. — 
Cacalomacan  from  cacalo//,  ma,  can  =  "  where  they  hunt  (ma)  crows  (cacalotl).,, 

10.  In  place-names  compounded  of  a  numeral  and  a  noun,  the  numeral  precedes, 
e.  g. — Macuilxochic  from  macuil/i,  xochitf/,  c.    Macuilli  (five). 


3 


LIST  OF  AZTEC  PLACE-NAMES 


Acalhuacan.    [Place  of  those  who  have  canoes.]    Compounded  of  acal/z  (canoe); 

hua,  which  is  a  possessive  particle;  can  (place). 
Acamilixtlahuacan.    [Where  are  level  fields  of  rushes.]    Compounded  of  aca// 

(reed);  mil/i  (field);  ixtlahuaca  (level  expanse);  can  (place). 
Acamiltzinco.    [Place  of  small  fields  of  rushes.]    Compounded  of  aca//  (rush); 

mil/i  (field);  tzin//*,  diminutive  particle;  co  (place). 
Acapan.    [Place  of  rushes.]    Compounded  of  aca//  (reed,  rush);  pan  (place). 
Acapetlatlan.    [Place  of  rush  mats.]    Compounded  of  aca//  (rush,  reed);  petla// 

(mat);  tlan  (place  of  abundance). 
Acapolco.    [Where  the  rushes  were  destroyed.]    Compounded  of  aca//  (rush); 

-poloa  (to  destroy,  to  lose);  co  (place). 
Acatepec.    [In  the  mountain  of  reeds.]    Compounded  of  aca//  (reed);  tepe// 

(mountain);  c  (in). 

Acaticpac.  [Over  (or  above)  the  canes.]  Compounded  of  acat/  (cane);  icpac 
(above). 

Acatzinco.  [Place  of  small  rushes.]  Compounded  of  aca//  (rush) ;  tzin//*',  diminu- 
tive particle;  co  (place). 

Acatzochic.  [In  the  flowers  of  the  cane.]  Compounded  of  acat/  (cane);  xochi//; 
(flower);  c  (in). 

Acatzochitlan.    [Among  the  flowers  of  the  cane.]    Compounded  of  acat/  (cane/) 

xochi//  (flower);  tlan  (among). 
Acayocan.    [Place  full  of  canes,  or  rushes.]    Compounded  of  acayu//  (full  of 

canes);  can  (place).   Acayu tl  =  aca//  (cane)  and  yutl  (full  of). 
Acazacatla.    [Where  is  abundance  of  rushes  and  straw.]   Compounded  of  aca// 

(rush);  zaca//  (grass,  straw);  tla  (abundance). 
Acocozpan.    [In  the  very  yellow  water.]   Compounded  of  a//  (water);  cocoztic 

(very  yellow);  pan  (in,  place). 
Acolhuacan.    [Place  of  the  Acolhuas.]    Compounded  of  Acolhua,  a  tribal  name; 

can  (place).   Acolhua  =  acol/i  (shoulder)  and  hua,  a  possessive  particle. 
Acolnahuac.    [Near  the  Acolhuas.]    Compounded  of  Acol^wa,  a  tribal  name; 

nahua  (near). 

Acozpa.  [In  the  yellow  water.]  Compounded  of  a//  (water);  coztic  (yellow); 
pa  (in). 

Acuitlapan.    [In  the  water  of  the  filth.]    Compounded  of  a//  (water);  cuitla// 

(excrement);  pan  (place,  in). 
Ahuacatlan.    [Place  of  many  ahuacates.]    Compounded  of  ahuaca//  (ahuacate, 

alligator  pear) ;  tlan  (abundance). 
Ahuatepec.    [In  the  mountain  of  live-oaks.]    Compounded  of  ahua//  (live-oak); 

tepe//  (mountain);  c  (in). 

4 


Ahuatzjtzinco.    [Place  of  the  very  small  live-oaks.]    Compounded  of  ahua//  (live- 
oak);  tzitzin//,  emphatic  of  diminutive  particle;  co  (place). 
Ahuehuepan.    [In  the  cypresses.]    Compounded  of  ahuehue// (cypress) ;  pan  (in). 
Ahuexoyocan.    [Place  of  groves  of  water- willows.]    Compounded  of  ahuexo// 

( water- willo w) ;  yocan  (place  full  of). 
Ahuilizapan.  =  (Ahauializapan.)    [In  the  river  of  joy.]    Compounded  of  ahauializ//i 

(joy);  atl  (water,  river);  pan  (in).    Through  forms  perhaps  like  Ahulizapa, 

Ulizaba,  Olizaba,  it  has  come  to  be  the  present  Orizaba. 
Amacoztitlan.    [Where  is  abundance  of  yellow  paper.]    Compounded  of  ama// 

(paper);  coztic  (yellow);  ti,  a  euphonic  particle;  tlan  (abundance). 
Amatlan.    [Where  there  is  abundant  paper.]    Compounded  of  ama^l  (paper); 

tlan  (where  abounds). 
Amaxtlan.    [Where  the  water  divides.]    Compounded  of  a//  (water);  m&xactli 

(split,  crotch);  tlan  (place). 
Ameyalco.    [Where  are  springs  of  water.]    Compounded  of  a// (water) ;  meyak' (a 

spring,  from  meya,  to  issue);  co  (where). 
Apancalecan.    [Place  of  owners  of  houses  with  water  troughs.]    Compounded  of 

apana//  (water  trough);  cale  (house-owner);  can  (place). 
Atenanco.    [Place  of  the  wall  of  water.]    Composed  of  a//  (water);  tenami// 

(wall);  co  (place).  , 
Atenco.    [Place  on  the  river  bank.]    Compounded  of  atl  (water) ;  tentli  (lip,  bank) ; 

co  (place). 

Atlan.  [Where  water  abounds.]  Compounded  of  a//  (water);  tlan  (abundance). 
Atlatlauhcan.    [In  the  place  of  red  water.]    Compounded  of  a//  (water) ;  tlatlauh- 

qui  (red);  can  (place). 
Atlhuelic.    [In  the  good  tasting  water.]    Compounded  of  a//  (water;  huelic  (good 

tasting);  c  (in). 

Atlicholoayan.    [Where  the  water  falls.]    Compounded  of  2il  (water) ;  choloa  (to 

fall,  as  in  a  cascade) ;  yan,  a  verbal  termination. 
Atotonilco.    [Where  is  hot  water.]    Compounded  of  a//  (water);  totonil/i  (hot); 

co  (place). 

Atzacan.  [Place  of  confined  water.]  Composed  of  a//  (water);  tz&cua  (to  con- 
fine); can  (place). 

Auchpanco.  [In  the  acqueduct — i.e.,  road  of  water.]  Compounded  of  sitl  (water); 
ochpan//i  (highroad);  co  (place,  in). 

Axocopan.  [In  the  sour  water.]  Compounded  of  a//  (water);  xococ  (some- 
thing sour);  pan  (place,  in). 

Ayotlan.  [Where  turtles  abound.]  Compounded  of  ayo//  (turtle);  tlan  (place 
of  abundance). 

Ayotochco.  [Place  of  armadillos.]  Compounded  of  ayotoch//  (armadillo);  co 
(place) . 

Ayotochcuitlatla.  [Where  armadillo  excrement  abounds.]  Compounded  of 
ayotoch//  (armadillo);  cuitla*/  (excrement);  tla  (place  of  abundance). 

Ayotzintepec.  [Place  of  the  little  calabashes.]  Compounded  of  ayo//i  (calabash) ; 
tzin,  a  diminutive  particle;  tepetl  (mountain);  c  (in,  where).    Tepee  may 

5 


often  be  rendered  place.    Some  authors  make  this  name,  "place  of  little 

turtles,"  from  ayotl  (turtle). 
Ayoxochiapan.    [At  the  river  of  calabash  flowers.]    Compounded  of  ayotli  (cala- 
bash); xochitl  (flower) ;  a// (water,  river) ;  pan  (place). 
Azcaputzalco.    [In  the  ant-hill.]    Compounded  of  azca//  (ant);  potzal/i  (earth 

heaped  up);  co  (in,  place). 
Aztaquemecan.    [Place  of  capes  of  white  heron  feathers.]    Compounded  of 

azta//  (white  heron);  quemi^  (feather  cape);  can  (place). 
Aztoapan.    [In  the  water  of  the  white  herons.]    Compounded  of  azta//  (white 

heron);  a//  (water);  pan  (in). 
Cacalomacan.    [Where  they  take  crows.]    Compounded  of  cacalo//  (crow) ;  m&itl 

(hand);  can  (where). 
Calimayan.    [Place  where  they  make  houses.]    Compounded  of  cal/i  (house); 

mai//  (hand);  ayan  (where  something  is  made),  a  verbal  in  yan  of  the  verb  ay, 

to  make.    The  a  of  ma  and  the  initial  of  ayan  are  reduced  to  one. 
Caltepec.    [In  the  mountain  of  houses.]    Compounded  of  cal/i  (house);  tepe# 

(mountain);  c  (in). 

Calyahualco.    [Place  surrounded  by  houses.]    Compounded  of  cal/i  (house); 

yahual/i  (a  circular  object);  co  (place,  in). 
Camotlan.    [Where  there  is  abundance  of  sweet  potatoes.]    Compounded  of 

camo^  (sweet  potato);  tlan  (where  is  abundance). 
Capulapan.    [In  the  irrigated  place  where  capulins  grow.]    Compounded  of 

capuk'w,  a  kind  of  fruit  tree;  a.tl  (water);  pan  (place). 
Centzontepec.    [In  the  four  hundred  mountains.]    Compounded  of  centzontli 

(four  hundred,  many) ;  tepetl  (mountain) ;  c  (in) . 
Cihuateopan.    [In  the  temple  of  Cihuacoatl.]    Compounded  of  cihua//  (woman), 

here  by  antonomasia  used  for  the  goddess  Cihuacoatl;  teopan  (temple). 
Cihuatlan.    [Where  are  many  women.]    Compounded  of  cihua£/  (woman);  tlan 

(where  is  abundance). 
Cilia.    [Where  are  many  snail  shells.]    Compounded  of  cilin  (a  snail  shell);  J  la 

(abundance).    The  t  is  dropped,  when  coming  between  11. 
Citlaltepec.    [In  the  mountain  of  the  star.]    Compounded  of  citlalm  (star) ;  tepetl 

(mountain);  c  (in).    The  volcano  Citlaltepec  is  now  known  as  Orizaba. 
Coacalco.    [Place  of  the  house  of  the  snake.]    Compounded  of  coa£/  (snake); 

cal/i  (house);  co  (place). 
Coaixtlahuacan.    [In  the  plain  of  snakes.]    Compounded  of  coa//  (snake);  ixtla- 

huaca  (plain,  level  expanse);  can  (place). 
Coatepec.    [In  the  mountain  of  snakes.]    Compounded  of  coa//  (snake);  tepefy 

(mountain);  c  (in). 

Coatlan.    [Where  is  abundance  of  snakes.]    Compounded  of  coa//  (snake);  tlan 

(where  is  abundance). 
Cocotlan.    [Place  of  doves.]    Compounded  of  cocotli  (dove);  tlan  (place). 
Colhuacan.    [Place  of  the  Colhuas.]    Compounded  of  Colhua,  a  tribal  name;  can 

(place).    Place  of  those  who  adore  Coltzin  (the  bent,  curved,  or  twisted  god); 

coltic  (twisted);  tzin,  reverential  particle;  hua,  holding  or  possessing;  can 

(place).    Robelo,  Dist.  Fed.  pp.  56-73  gives  long  discussion. 

6 


Coliman.    [Place  where  Colhuas  were  captured.]    Compounded  of  Colhua,  a 

tribal  name;  mai//  (hand);  n  (place). 
Comaltepec.    [In  the  mountain  of  griddles.]    Compounded  of  comal/i  (earthen 

griddle);  tepe//  (mountain);  c  (in). 
Comitlan.    [Place  of  making  pots.]    Compounded  of  comitl  (pot);  tlan  (place, 

abundance). 

Coyohuacan.  [Place  where  are  coyotes.]  Compounded  of  coyo//  (coyote);  hua, 
possessive  particle;  can  (where).  Robelo  suggests — Coyohuacca  [Place  of 
the  lean  coyote.]  Compounded  of  coyo//  (coyote);  huac^wf  (lean);  can 
(place). 

Coyolapan.    [In  the  water  which  tinkles.]    Compounded  of  coyol/i  (  =  coyulli, 

bell);  a//  (water);  pan  (in,  place). 
Cozamaloapan.    [In  the  water  of  the  cuzamatl.]    Compounded  of  cuzamatl 

( =  cuzatli,  a  species  of  mustela) ;  a//  (water,  river) ;  pan  (place,  in). 
Cozohuipilecan.    [Place  of  owners  of  protective  tunics.]    Compounded  of  cozo . 

(from  cozauhqui,  a  yellow  thing);  huipile  (owner  of  a  hiupil  or  skirt);  can 

(place). 

Cuahuacan.  [Place  where  they  have  trees.]  Compounded  of  cuauhwz//  (tree); 
hua,  a  possessive  particle;  can  (place). 

Cuahuitlixco.  [Place  at  the  edge  of  the  woods.]  Better  Cuauhtlixco.  Com- 
posed of  cuauhtla  (wood,  groved) ;  ixco  (before,  in  front  of,  at  the  edge  or  on 
the  surface). 

Cualac.    [Where  there  is  good  water.]    Compounded  of  qual/i  (good);  a//  (water); 

c  (in,  where).    Better  Qualac. 
Cuatzontepec.    [In  the  mountain  of  the  tresses.]    Compounded  of  cuatzon//£ 

( =  quautzuntli,  a  tress  of  hair);  tepe//  (mountain);  c  (in).    The  hieroglyph 

is  double.    Cuatzontepec  of  Cuatzontlan. 
Cuauhnahuac.    [Near  the  grove.]    Compounded  of  cuauh//a  (grove);  nahuac 

(near).    This  name  has  become  Cuernavaca. 
Cuauhquecholan.    [Where  there  are  eagles  of  rich  plumage.]    Compounded  of 

cuauht/i  (eagle);  quechol/z  (rich);  tlan  (in,  where,  abundance). 
Cuauhquemecan.    [Where  they  have  capes  of  eagle  feathers.]    Compounded  of 

cuauh//^  (eagle) ;  quemz//  (feather  cape) ;  e,  a  possessive  particle;  can  (in,  where). 
Cuauhtecomatlan.    [Place  of  cuauhtecomates.]    Compounded  of  cuauhtecoma// 

(the  crescentia,  a  tree  the  gourdlike  fruits  of  which  are  made  into  vessels); 

tlan  (place). 

Cuauhtecomatzinco.    [Where  are  the  little  cuauhtecomates.]    (See  preceding.) 
Cuauhtitlan.    [Among  the  trees.]    Compounded  of  cuauh// (tree) ;  titlan  (among). 
Cuauhtlan.    [Where  eagles  abound.]    Compounded  of  cuauh///  (eagle);  tlan 

(abundance,  where).    Might  be  where  trees  abound  from  cuauh//  (tree); 

tlan — but  the  hieroglyph  gives  preference  to  the  first. 
Cuauhtochco.    [In  the  place  of  the  mountain  cats.]    Compounded  of  cuauh// 

(tree);  ocotochtli  (lynx);  co  (place,  in). 
Cuauhxayacatitlan.    [Where  are  many  wooden  masks.]    Compounded  of  cuauh// 

(tree,  wood) ;  xayaca//  (mask) ;  ti,  a  euphonic  particle;  tlan  (place  of  abundance) . 


7 


Cuauhxilotitlan.  [Place  of  cuauhxilotl.]  Composed  of  cuauhxilo^  (  =  cuajilote, 
an  edible  plant,  species  of  Parminteria) ;  ti,  a  euphonic  particle;  tlan 
(place) . 

Cuauhximalpan.  [Among  the  chips.]  Compounded  of  cuauhximal/i  (chip); 
pan  (in,  where). 

Cuezcomahuacan.    [Where  there  are  granaries.]    Compounded  of  cuezcoma^ 

(granary);  ti,  a  euphonic  particle;  can  (place). 
Cuezcomatitlan.    [Where  are  many  granaries.]    Compounded  of  cuezcoma^ 

(granary);  ti,  a  euphonic  particle;  tlan  (place  of). 
Cuicatlan.    [Place  of  song.]    Compounded  of  cuica//  (song);  tlan  (place  of). 
Cuitlapan.    [Place  of  excrement.]    Compounded  of  cuitlaj/  (excrement) ;  pan  (in, 

place). 

Chalco.    [Place  of  the  Chalcas.]    Compounded  of  Chaka,  a  tribal  name;  co 

(place).    This  etymology  is  doubtful. 
Chalco-Atenco.    Compound  name.    See  Chalco  and  Atenco. 
Chichicuauhtla.    [Where  are  many  chichicuauhtl.]    Compounded  of  chichic 

(bitter);  cuahui^  (tree);  tla  (abundance).    The  "bitter- tree,' '  chichiquau- 

huitl,  is  described  by  Hernandez. 
Chiconquiauchco.    [Place  of  seven  rains.]    Compounded  of  chicome  (seven); 

quiahwi//  (rain);    co  (place).    Probably  chiconquiauhuitl  should  here  be 

considered  as  a  date.    Robelo  says  only  twenty  (cempoalli)  and  four  hundred 

(centzontli)  are  used  in  Aztec  as  hyperbolic  numerals. 
Chilapan.    [In  the  water  of  the  peppers.]    Compounded  of  chil/i  (pepper);  a.tl 

(water);  pan  (in). 

Chiltecpintla.    [Where  are  many  of  the  little  red  peppers.]    Compounded  of 

chiltecpin^/i  (small  and  very  sharp  red  pepper);  tla  (abundance). 
Chimalpan.    [Place  of  shields.]    Compounded  of  chimal/i  (shield);  pan  (place,  in). 
Chipetlan.    [Place  of  Xipe.]    Compounded  of  Xipe  (  =  Totec,  "frightful  and 

terrible  Lord");  tlan  (place). 
Ehecatepec.    [In  the  mountain  of  Ehecatl.]    Compounded  of  Eheca//  (god  of 

the  winds);  tepetl  (mountain);  c  (in,  place). 
Ehecatlapechco.    [Place  of  the  altar  of  Ehecatl.]    Compounded  of  Eheca^  (god 

of  the  wind);  tlapech//i  (altar,  stretcher);  co  (place). 
Ehuacalco.    [In  the  furrier's  shop.]    Compounded  of  ehuayo//  (skin,  fur);  calli 

(house);  co  (place). 

Epatlan.  [Where  there  are  fox  whelps.]  Compounded  of  epa//  (fox  whelp) ;  tlan 
(place). 

Etlan.    [Place  of  frijoles.]    Compounded  of  etl  (frijol,  bean);  tlan  (place). 
Huaxtepec.    [Where  there  is  huaxin.]    Compounded  of  huaxiw  (a  tree  of  the 

family  Leguminosae) ;  tepe//  (mountain);  c  (in). 
Huaxyacac.    [In  the  promontory  where  is  huaxin.]    Compounded  of  huaxw  (as 

above);  yaca2/  (nose,  projection,  promontory);  c  (in). 
Huehuetlan.    [Place  of  the  old  god.]    Compounded  of  huehue  (old  man);  tlan 

(place).    Because  in  the  hieroglyphs  heads  are  constantly  deities,  Penafiel 

assumes  huehue  stands  for  Huehueteotl. 


8 


Hueipochtla.    [Place  of  the  great  Opochtli.]    Compounded  of  huey  (great); 

OpocMi  (god  of  fishing);  tiara  (place). 
Hueyapan.    [Seaport.]    Compounded  of  hueiaJ/  (the  great  water,  sea);  pan  (in, 

place). 

Huilotepec.  [In  the  place  where  are  doves.]  Compounded  of  huilo^  (dove) ;  tepetl 
(mountain);  c  (in). 

Huitzannaola.  [Where  are  many  spiny  pineapples.]  Compounds  of  huiztli 
(spine,  thorn);  annowa  (pineapple);  2la  (abundance). 

Huitzilapan.  [Place  of  humming  birds.]  Compounded  of  huitzitzilm  (humming 
bird);  &tl  (water);  pan  (place). 

Huitzilopuchco.  [Place  of  Huitzilopochtli.]  Compounded  of  Huitzilopoch^/i 
(the  great  god  of  the  Aztecs);  co  (place). 

Huitznahuac.  [The  thing  surrounded  by  thorns.]  Compounded  of  huitz^' 
(thorn);  nahuac  (around).  The  hieroglyph  shows  double  use  of  this  word, 
which  in  Spanish  is  biznaga,  a  kind  of  cactus.  Huitznahuac- teopan  and 
Huitznahuac-calli  =  Huitzcalco. 

Huitztlan.    [Place  of  thorns.]    Compounded  of  hmtztli  (thorn);  tlan  (place  of). 

Huixachtitlan.  [Place  of  huizaches.]  Compounded  of  huixachm  (a  species  of 
acacia  or  mimosa);  ti,  a  euphonic  particle;  tlan  (place). 

Icpatepec.  [Above  the  mountain.]  Compounded  of  icpac  (above) ;  tepetl  (moun- 
tain); c  (in). 

Itzamatitlan.    [Place  of  writers.]    Compounded  of  itztli  (obsidian  splinter); 

amall  (paper);  ti,  euphonic  particle;  tlan  (place). 
Itzcuintepec.    [In  the  place  of  the  dog.]    Compounded  of  ixtcuin//  (dog) ;  tepetl 

(mountain);  c  (in). 

Itzihuquilyocan.    [Place  where  plants  of  indigo  abound.]    Compounded  of  itztli 

(obsidian);   xihuquiM  (indigo);   yocan  (place  of  abundance).    Has  this 

indigo  leaves  shaped  like  flint  knives? 
Itzocan.    [Place  where  they  paint  or  stain  the  face.]    Compounded  of  itzoca  (to 

have  the  face  dirty);  n  (place). 
Itztlan.    [Place  of  obsidian.]    Compounded  of  itztli  (obsidian);  tlan  (place). 
Ixcoyamec.    [In  the  plain  of  the  peccaries.]    Compounded  of  ixco  (surface,  edge, 

level);  coyame//  (wild  pig);  c  (in). 
Iztacalco.    [In  the  house  of  salt.]    Compounded  of  izta//  (salt) ;  calli  (house) ;  co 

(place,  in).    Where  salt  is  made. 
Iztatlan.    [Place  of  salt.]    Compounded  of  izta//  (salt);  tlan  (place). 
Macuilxochic.    [In  the  five  flowers.]    Compounded  of  macuil/i  (five);  xochitl 

(flower);  c  (in,  place). 
Malinalco.    [Place  of  malinalli.]    Compounded  of  malinal/i  (a  fibre-plant);  co 

(place).    Robelo  suggests  Malinalxochoco,  where  they  adore  Malinalxochitl. 

She  was  the  sister  of  Huitzilopochtl. 
Mamalhuaztepec.    [In  the  mountain  of  the  fire  sticks.]    Compounded  of  mamal- 

huaz//f  (fire-stick);  tepetl  (mountain);  c  (in). 
Mapachtepec.    [Where  there  are  mapachi.]    Compounded  of  mapach/  (a  sort  of 

raccoon);  tepetl  (mountain);  c  (in). 


9 


Matlatlan.    [Place  of  nets.]    Compounded  of  matla//  (net);  tlan  (place). 
Mazatlan.    [Place  of  deer.]    Compounded  of  maza//  (deer);  tlan  (place). 
Metepec.    [In  the  mountain  of  magueys.]    Compounded  of  me//  (maguey);  tepe// 
(mountain);  c  (in). 

Miacatla.    [Where  there  are  canes  for  arrows.]    Compounded  of  mi//  (arrow); 

aca//  (cane);  tla  (abundance). 
Mictlan.    [Place  of  the  dead.]    Mictlan  (dead). 

Michapan.    [In  the  river  of  fishes.]    Compounded  of  michin  (fish);  a//  (water, 

river);  pan  (in,  place). 
Michmaloyan.    [Place  where  they  fish.]    Compounded  of  michin  (fish);  mal/z 

(captured) ;  yan,  a  verbal  ending. 
Mixcoac.    [Place  of  the  cloud  snake.]    Compounded  of  mix//i  (cloud);  coa/Z 

(snake);  c  (in,  place). 
Mizquitlan.    [Place  of  mesquites.]    Compounded  of  mizqui//  (mesquite);  tlan 

(place). 

Molotla.    [Where  sparrows  abound.]    Compounded  of  mob//  (sparrow);  tla 
(abundance). 

Nacochtlan.    [Where  are  ear  ornaments.]    Compounded  of  nacoch//i  (an  ear 

ornament);  tlan  (place). 
Nochtepec.    [In  the  mountain  of  cactus.]    Compounded  of  noch//i  (cactus); 

tepe//  (mountains);  c  (in). 
Nopalla.    [Where  nopals  abound.]    Compounded  of  nopal/z  (a  cactus) ;  tla  (abun- 
dance).   The  t  is  dropped  between  11. 
Ocelotepec.    [In  the  mountain  of  ocelots.]    Compounded  of  ocelo//  (a  feline 

animal);  tepe//  (mountain);  c  (in). 
Ocotepec.    [In  the  mountain  of  pines.]    Compounded  of  oco//  (pine);  tepe// 

(mountain);  c  (in). 
Octlan.    [Place  of  pulque.]    Compounded  of  octli  (pulque);  tlan  (place). 
Ocuilan.    [Where  worms  abound.]    Compounded  of  ocuik'w  (worm,  maggot); 

tlan  (place  of).    The  t  is  dropped  between  11. 
Olac.    [In  the  black  water.]    Compounded  of  olin  (black);  a//  (water);  c  (in).  It 

belongs  to  Xochimilco,  as  the  hieroglyph  shows. 
Olinalan.    [In  the  place  of  movement,  i.e.,  earthquakes.]    Compounded  of  olin 

(movement,  earthquake);  tlalli  (earth);  //an  (place). 
Olintepec.    [In  the  mountain  of  earthquakes.]    Compounded  of  olin  (earthquake) ; 

tepe//  (mountain);  c  (in). 
Otlatitlan.    [Among  the  canes.]    Compounded  of  otla//  (cane,  bambu);  titlan 

(among). 

Otonpan.    [Where  Otomi  live.]    Compounded  of  Otomz//,  a  tribal  name;  pan  (in, 
place). 

Oxitipan.    [In  the  place  where  they  prepare  oxitl.]    Compounded  of  oxi//  (a  black 

unguent);  ti,  a  euphonic  particle;  pan  (place,  in). 
Oxitlan.    [Where  there  is  oxitl.]    Compounded  of  oxi//  (a  black  unguent);  tlan 

(place). 

Oztoticpac.    [Above  the  cave.]    Compounded  of  oztot/  (cave);  icpac  (above). 


10 


Pantepec.    [In  the  mountain  of  the  flag.]    Compounded  of  pan//i  (flag);  tepetl 

(mountain);  c  (in). 
Petlatlan.    [Place  of  mats.]    Compounded  of  petla//  (mat);  tlan  (place). 
Pipioltepec.    [In  the  place  of  the  mountain  bees.]    Compounded  of  pipiolm  (a 

honey-making  mountain  bee) ;  tepetl  (mountain) ;  c  (in) . 
Poctepec.    [In  the  mountain  of  smoke.]    Compounded  of  poctli  (smoke);  tepetl 

(mountain);  c  (in). 

Poctlan.    [Place  of  smoke.]    Compounded  of  poctli  (smoke);  tlan  (place  of). 
Popotlan.    [Place  of  popote.]    Compounded  of  popotl  (a  sort  of  grass);  tlan 
(place) . 

Quetzallan.    [Place  of  quetzals.]    Compounded  of  quetzal/z  (a  bird  of  brilliant 

plumage);  tlan  (place  of).    The  t  is  dropped  between  11. 
Quetzalmacan.    [Where   they   capture   quetzals.]    Compounded   of  quetzals 

(a  bird  of  brilliant  plumage);  m&itl  (hand);  can  (where). 
Quetzaloztoc.    [In  the  cave  of  quetzals.]    Compounded  of  quetzals  (quetzal); 

oztotl  (cave);  c  (in). 
Quetzaltepec.    [In   the   mountain   of  quetzals.]    Compounded  of  quetzal/m 

(quetzal);  tepetl  (mountain);  c  (in). 
Quimichtepec.    [In  the  mountain  of  quimichins.]    Compounded  of  quimichw  (a 

kind  of  rat-like  animal;  tepetl  (mountain);  c  (in). 
Quiyauhteopan.    [Temple  of  the  rain.]    Compounded  of  quiyahm'l/  (rain) ;  teopan 

(temple). 

Tamazolapan.  [Where  there  are  toads.]  Compounded  of  tamazol/m  (toad);  a,tl 
(water,  river);  pan  (where). 

Tamuoc.  [The  name  is  Huaxtec;  meaning  not  considered.]  The  Aztec  hiero- 
glyph is  phonetic — tamac/wa  (to  measure  something) ;  otli  (a  road) ;  c  (place, 
in). 

Teacalco.  [Place  of  stone  canoes.]  Compounded  of  tetl  (stone);  acal/i  (canoe); 
co  (place). 

Tecalco.  [Place  of  stone  houses.]  Compounded  of  tetl  (stone) ;  calli  (house) ;  co 
(place). 

Tecamachalco.  [Place  of  the  stone  jaw.]  Compounded  of  tetl  (stone) ;  camachal/i 
(jaw);  co  (place). 

Teciuhtlan.    [Place  of  stone-rain.]    Compounded  of  tecihuitl  (hail,  or  volcanic 

cinders — lit.  stone  rain);  tlan  (place). 
Tecmilco.    [Fields  belonging  to  the  government.]    Compounded  of  tecpan  (the 

official  building) ;  mil/i  (field) ;  co  (place) . 
Tecoloapan.    [Where  there  are  owls.]    Compounded  of  tecolo//  (owl) ;  a//  (water, 

river);  pan  (place). 

Tecozauhtla.    [Where  yellow  ochre  abounds.]    Compounded  of  tecozzuhuitl 

(yellow  ochre);  tla  (abundance). 
Tecpatepec.    [In  the  mountain  of  flints.]    Compounded  of  tecpa//  (flint,  flint 

knife);  tepetl  (mountain);  c  (in). 
Tecpatzinco.    [Where  are  small  flints.]    Compounded  of  tecpa//  (flint,  flint  knife) ; 

tzin,  a  diminutive  particle;  co  (place). 


1 1 


Tecualoyan.    [Where  fierce  beasts  prey.]    Compounded  of  tecuam  (  =  tequani 

fierce  beast) ;  yan,  a  verbal  termination. 
Tecuantepec.    [In  the  mountain  of  wild  beasts.]    Compounded  of  tecuam  (wild 

beast);  tepe//  (mountain);  c  (in). 
Tehuitzco.    [Place  of  the  rocky  place  of  sharp  stones.]    Compounded  of  tetl  (stone) ; 

huitz//i  (thorn,  spine);  co  (place).    Robelo  suggests  tehuizt//i,  a  tree  with 

spines  as  hard  as  stones;  co  (place). 
Temazcalapan.    [In  the  water  of  the  sweat-baths.]    Compounded  of  temascal/z 

(sweat-bath);  a//  (water);  pan  (in,  place). 
Temohuacan.    [Where  all  go  down.]    Compounded  of  temoa  (to  descend,  to 

go  down);  can  (place). 
Tenanco.    [Walled  place.]    Compounded  of  tenami//  (wall);  co  (in,  place). 
Tenantzinco.    [Place  of  small  walls.]    Compounded  of  tenami//  (wall);  tzin,  a 

diminutive  particle;  co  (in,  place). 
Teoatzinco.    [Place  of  the  sacred  water.]    Compounded  of  teotl  (god) ;  a//  (water) ; 

tzin,  a  diminutive  or  reverential  particle;  co  (place). 
Teocalhueyac.    [In  the  high  or  upreared  temple.]    Compounded  of  teocal/* 

(temple);  hueyac  (high,  prolonged). 
Teocaltzinco.    [Place  of  the  small  temple.]    Compounded  of  teocal/i  (temple); 

tzin,  a  diminutive  particle;  co  (place). 
Teocuitlatlan.    [Where  there  is  gold.]    Compounded  of  teocuitla//  (gold — i.e., 

divine  excrement,  from  teotl,  god  and  cuitlatl,  excrement);  tlan  (place  of). 
Teochiapan.    [Where  is  the  sacred  chia.]    Compounded  of  teotl  (god,  hence 

sacred  or  dedicated  to  religion);  chia  (a  species  of  salvia);  pan  (place). 
Teonochtitlan.    [Where  there  are  sacred  nopalli  i.e.,  nopals,  or  cacti  belonging  to 

temple  properties.]    Compounded  of  teotl  (god);  noch//*,  a  cactus;  ti,  a 

euphonic  particle;  tlan  (place). 
Teopantepec.    [In  the  mountain  of  the  temple.]    Compounded  of  teopan//* 

(temple);  tepe//  (mountain);  c  (in). 
Teotenanco.    [Place  of  the  sacred  enclosure  or  wall.]    Compounded  of  teotl  (god) ; 

tenami/Z  (wall);  co  (place). 
Teotlalpan.    [Place  of  the  divine  lands.]    Compounded  of  teotl  (god);  tlal/i 

(land,  earth);  pan  (in,  place). 
Teotliztacan.    [Place  of  the  white  deity.]    Compounded  of  teotl  (god);  iztac 

(white);  can  (place).    The  white  deity  may  be  Iztaccihuatl. 
Tepechpan.    [In  the  rocks.]    Compounded  of  tepexitl  (rocks);  pan  (in,  place). 
Tepemaxalco.    [In  the  divided  mountain.]    Compounded  of  tepe//  (mountain); 

maxal/ic  (a  thing  divided  or  cleft);  co  (in,  place). 
Tepetitlan.    [Place  of  mountains.]    Compounded  of  tepe//  (mountain);   ti,  a 

euphonic  particle;  tlan  (place,  in). 
Tepetlacalco.    [Place  of  the  houses  of  tepetate.]    Compounded  of  tepetla// 

(tepetate,  a  kind  of  lava);  cal/i  (house);  co  (place,  in). 
Tepetlaoztoc.    [In  the  tepetate  cave.]    Compounded  of  tepetla//  (tepetate); 

ozto//  (cave);  c  (in). 
Tepetlapa.    [In  the  tepetate.]    Compounded  of  tepeta//  (tepetate);  pa  (in). 


12 


Tepeyacac.  [At  the  end  of  the  mountains.]  Compounded  of  tepetl  (mountain); 
yaca//  (nose,  point,  end  or  beginning);  c  (in).  This  is  the  place  of  the  appa- 
rition of  "Our  Lady  of  Guadalupe." 

Tepoztitlan.  [Place  of  copper.]  Compounded  of  tepoz//i  (copper) ;  ti,  a  euphonic 
particle;  tlan  (place). 

Tepuzcululan.  [Place  where  copper  is  wrought.]  Compounded  of  tepoztli 
(  =  tepuztli,  copper);  coloa  (to  bend);  /lan  (place). 

Tepuztlan.  [Place  of  copper.]  Composed  of  tepoz//i  (  =  tepuztli,  copper);  tlan 
(place). 

Tequemecan.    [Place  of  stony  lands.]    Compounded  of  tetl  (stone);  cuemitl 

(inheritance,  worked  land);  can  (place). 
Tetenanco.    [Where  is  the  stone  wall.]    Compounded  of  tetl  (stone);  tenami// 

(wall);  co  (place). 

Tetepanco.    [Place  where  are  walls  of  others.]    Compounded  of  te  (of  some  one,  of 

another);  tepan/fo*  (wall);  co  (place). 
Teteuhtepec.    [Place  of  many  gods.]    Compounded  of  teteu  (pi.  of  teotl,  god); 

tepetl  (mountain);  c  (in). 
Tetlapanaloyan.    [Place  where  they  break  stones — i.e.,  a  quarry.]  Compounded 

of  tetl  (stone) ;  tlapanalo,  from  tlapana  (to  break) ;  yan  (place  in  which  the 

action  of  the  verb  takes  place). 
Tetzapotitlan.    [Place  of  zapotes.]    Compounded  of  tetl  (stone);  tzapo//  (zapote,  a 

fruit);  tlan  (place). 

Texcoco.  [Place  of  rock  fruits.]  Compounded  of  tetl  (stone) ;  xocotl  (fruit  trees) ; 
co  (place,  in). 

Texopan.    [Blue  place.]    Compounded  of  texotli  (blue);  pan  (in,  place). 
Tezcacoac.    [Place  of  the  snake-mirror.]    Compounded  of  tezca//  (mirror);  coa/Z 

(snake);  c  (in,  place).    The  snake-mirror,  or  mirror-snake  may  be  the  god 

Tezcacoac. 

Tezcatepec.    [In  the  mountain  of  the  mirrors.]    Compounded  of  tezca//  (mirror) ; 

tepetl  (mountain);  co  (place). 
Tizatepec.    [In  the  mountain  of  white  dust.]    Compounded  of  tiza//  (white 

infusorial  earth);  tepetl  (mountain);  c  (in). 
Tizayocan.    [Place  where  tiza  is  prepared.]    Compounded  of  tizayoa  (verbal 

from  tiza//);  can  (place  where). 
Tlaahuililpan.    [In  the  watered  gardens.]    Compounded  of  tlaauilil/i  (watered 

garden);  pan  (place,  in). 
Tlacotlala.    [Where  is  abundance  of  potter's  clay.]    Compounded  of  tlaco//  (jar); 

tlal/i  (earth);  //a  (abundance). 
Tlacozauhtitlan.    [Place  of  yellow  earth.]    Compounded  of  tlal/i  (earth);  cozauhi 

(yellow);  ti,  a  euphonic  particle;  tlan  (place). 
Tlachco.    [Place  of  ball-play.]    Compounded  of  tlach//i  (ball-play);  co  (place). 
Tlachmalacac.    [Uncertain  meaning.]    It  is  represented,  perhaps  phonetically 

by  tlach//i  (a  ball-ground);  malaca//  (a  spindle);  c  (in,  place). 
Tlachquiauhco.    [Ball-ground  dedicated  to  Tlaloc?]    Compounded  of  tlach/Zz 

(ball-ground);  quiahm//  (rain);  co  (place). 


13 


Tlachyahualco.    [Place  surrounded  by  ball-play  yards.]    Compounded  of  tlach^' 

(ball-play) ;  yahual/z  (a  circular  object) ;  co  (place) . 
Tlalatlauhco.    [Where  is  a  great  barranca.]    Compounded  of  tlal/i  (land) ;  atlauh- 

tli  (great  barranca,  ravine);  co  (place). 
Tlaltizapan.    [In  the  field  or  land  of  tiza.]    Compounded  of  tlal//  (land);  tiza// 

(tiza,  white,  infusorial  earth);  pan  (in,  place). 
Tlaollan.    [Place  of  husked  and  dried  maize.]    Compounded  of  tlaol/i  (maize 

husked  and  dried);  tlan  (place). 
Tlapacoyan.    [Place  where  they  dye  stuffs.]    Compounded  of  a  verbal  from  tlapa 

(to  dye);  yan  (place). 
Tlapan.    [Over  the  earth.]    Compounded  of  tlal/z  (earth) ;  pan  (in,  over,  place) . 
Tlatlachco.    [Place  of  the  earthen  ball-ground.]    Compounded  of  tlal/i  (earth); 

tlach//i  (ball  ground);  co  (place). 
Tlatlauhquitepec.    [In  the  red  mountain.]    Compounded  of  tlatlauhqui  (red); 

tepetl  (mountain);  c  (in). 
Tlaximaloyan.    [Where  carpentering  is    done.]    Compounded  of  tlaxima  (to 

carpenter);  oyan,  verbal  ending.    The  word  is  originally  Tarascan  and  the 

Aztec  form  is  based  not  upon  the  sense,  but  upon  an  approximation  to  sound. 

The  Tarascan  name  is  Taximaroa. 
Tliltepec.    [In  the  black  mountain.]    Compounded  of  tWi  (black) ;  tepetl  (moun- 
tain); c  (in). 

Tochtepec.    [In  the  mountain  of  rabbits.]    Compounded  of  tochtli  (rabbit); 

tepetl  (mountain);  c  (in). 
Toliman.    [Where  they  gather  tules.]    Compounded  of  tollin  (tule,  a  marsh  grass 

or  rush);  mam  (active  participle  of  the  verb  ma,  to  take  with  the  hand). 
Tollan.    [Place  of  tule.]    Compounded  of  tollin  (tule);  tlan  (place). 
Toltitlan.    [Among  the  tules.]    Compounded  of  tollin  (tule);  titlan  (among).  So 

Robelo — de  la  Rosa  would  consider  the  ti  simply  euphonic  and  the  meaning 

would  be  the  same  as  the  last. 
Tonanitla.    [Where  Tonantzin  is  venerated.]    Compounded  of  Tonan/zw  ("Our 

Mother,"  an  Aztec  deity);  ti,  a  euphonic  particle;  tlaw  (where,  near). 
Tonatiuhco.    [Place  of  the  sun.]    Compounded  of  Tonatiuh  (sun);  co  (place). 
Totoltzinco.    [Place  of  little  water-hens.]    Compounded  of  totolm  (a  kind  of 

water-hen);  "tzin,  a  diminutive  particle;  co  (place). 
Tototepec.    [In  the  mountain  of  birds.]    Compounded  of  tototl  (bird);  tepetl 

(mountain);  c  (in). 

Tototlan.    [Near  the  birds.]    Compounded  of  tototl  (bird);  tlan  (place,  near). 
Toztlan.    [Place  of  tuzas.]    Compounded  of  tuzan  (tuza,  a  small  burrowing 

animal);  tlan  (place,  within). 
Tuchpan.    [Where  there  are  rabbits.]    Compounded  of  tochtli  (rabbit);  pan 

(place). 

Tuchtlan.    [Place  of  rabbits.]    Compounded  of  tochtli  (rabbit);  tlan  (place). 
Tulantzinco.    [Place  of  the  small  tules.]    Compounded  of  tollin  (tule,  a  sort  of 

marsh  grass  or  reed);  tzin,  diminutive  particle;  co  (place). 
Tlayacac.    [In  the  first  place.]    Compounded  of  tlayaca//  (first);  c  (in). 


14 


Tlayacapan.    [In  the  first  place.]    Compounded  of  tlayaca^  (first) ;  pan  (place,  in). 
Tzapotlan.    [Place  of  zapotes.]    Compounded  of  tzapo//  (zapote,  a  kind  of  fruit); 
tlan  (place). 

Tzayanalquilpan.  [In  the  place  of  tzatzayanalquiltic — or  coaquiltic]  Com- 
pounded of  /zatzayanalquil/zc  (a  plant  described  under  this  name  in  Hernan- 
dez) ;  pan  (place,  in) . 

Tzinacanoztoc.  [In  the  cave  of  bats.]  Compounded  of  tzinacan  (bat);  oztotl 
(cave);  c  (in). 

Tzinacantepec.    [In  the  mountain  of  bats.]    Compounded  of  tzinacan  (bat); 

tepetl  (mountain);  c  (in). 
Tzinacantlan.    [Where  are  bats.]    Compounded  of  tzinacan  (bat);  tlan  (place). 
Tzompanhuacan.    [Place  where  they  have  a  tzompantli.]    Compounded  of  tzom- 

pan//i  (a  frame  upon  which  skulls  of  sacrificial  victims  were  displayed) ;  hua, 

a  possessive  particle;  can  (place). 
Xalan.    [Place  of  sand.]    Compounded  of  xalli  (sand);  flan  (place,  near).  Should 

be  Xallan. 

Xalac.  [In  the  sandy  water.]  Compounded  of  xalli  (sand);  ail  (water);  c(in). 
Should  be  Xallac. 

Xalapan.  [Place  of  sandy  water.]  Compounded  of  xalli  (sand);  ail  (water); 
pan  (place,  in). 

Xaloztoc.  [In  the  cave  of  sand.]  Compounded  of  xalli  (sand);  oztotl  (cave); 
c(in). 

Xaltepec.  [In  the  sand  mountain.]  Compounded  of  xalli  (sand)>  tepetl  (moun- 
tain); c  (in). 

Xico.    [In  the  umbilicus.]    Compounded  of  xicotli  (umbilicus);  co  (place,  in). 
Xicochimalco.    [Place  of  honeycombs.]    Compounded  of  xicochimal/i  (honey 

comb,  cells);  co  (place). 
Xilotepec.    [In  the  mountain  of  ears  of  maize.]    Compounded  of  xilotl  (jilote,  an 

ear  of  corn;  tepetl  (mountain);  c  (in). 
Xilotzinco.    [Place  of  small  ears  of  maize.]    Compounded  of  xilotl  (ear  of  corn); 

tzin,  diminutive  particle;  co  (place). 
Xiuhcoac.    [In  the  place  of  the  turquoise  snake.]    Compounded  of  xinitl  (tur- 
quoise); coa//  (snake);  c  (in). 
Xiuhteczacatlan.    [Zacatlan  of  Xuihtecutli — i.e.,  consecrated  to  fire.]  Compounded 

of  Xiuhtecw//i  (Lord  of  the  year);  zaca//  (straw);  tlan  (place). 
Xiuhtepec.    [In  the  turquoise  mountain.]    Compounded  of  xinitl  (turquoise), 

tepetl  (mountain) ;  c  (in). 
Xiuhuacan.    [Place  where  they  have  turquoises.]    Compounded  of  xiuitl;  hua, 

a  possessive  particle;  can  (place). 
Xoconochco.    [Place  of  the  fruiting  nopals.]    Compounded  of  xocotl  (fruit); 

nochtli  (a  cactus,  the  nopal) ;  co  (place) . 
Xocotla.    [Where  is  abundance  of  fruit.]    Compounded  of  xocotl  (fruit);  tla 

(abundance). 

Xochimilcatzinco.  [The  little  Xochimilco.]  Compounded  of  Xochimilco  (which 
see);  tzin,  a  diminutive  particle;  co  (place). 

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Xochimilco.  [Place  of  fields  of  flowers.]  Compounded  of  xochi//  (flower);  mWH 
(field);  co  (place). 

Xochitepec.  [In  the  mountain  of  flowers.]  Compounded  of  xochi^  (flower); 
tepe//  (mountain);  c  (in). 

Xochitla.  [Where  flowers  abound.]  Compounded  of  xochi//  (flower);  tla  (abun- 
dance). 

Xolochauhyan.  [Where  they  live  long.]  Compounded  of  xolochahwf  (to  be 
wrinkled  with  age);  yan,  a  verbal  ending. 

Xometzoyocan.  [Place  where  they  gather  metzollin  fruit.]  Compounded  of 
xocotl  (fruit) ;  metzollin  ( =  comitl,  a  plant  described  by  Hernandez) ;  yoca&'a 
(to  take  possession  of  something);  n  (place). 

Xoyoltepec.  [Place  of  xocoyolli.]  Compounded  of  xocoyol/z  (a  species  of  rumex) ; 
tepe//  (mountain);  c  (place,  in). 

Yaunahuac.  [Near,  or  surrounded,  by  yauhtli).  Compounded  of  ysiuhUi  (a 
plant  with  medicinal  properties  and  ceremonial  uses);  nahuac  (near,  sur- 
rounded by). 

Yoalan.    [Where  night  falls  early.]    Compounded  of  yoal&  (night);  tlan  (place). 

Better  written  Yoallan. 
Zacatepec.    [In  the  mountain  of  zacate.]    Compounded  of  zaca//  (straw);  tepetl 

(mountain);  c  (in). 

Zola.  [Place  of  zolin.]  Compounded  of  zolin  (  =  zulin,  a  kind  of  bird);  tla 
(abundance). 

Zoquitzinco.  [Place  of  little  mud.]  Compounded  of  zoqui//  (mud);  tzin,  a 
diminutive  particle;  co  (place). 


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